Malware poses one of the major threats to all currently operated computer systems. The scale of
the problem becomes obvious by looking at the global economic loss caused by different kinds of
malware which is estimated to be more than US$ 10 billion every year. Botnets a special kind
of malware are used to reap economic gains by criminals as well as for politically motivated
activities. In contrast to other kinds of malware botnets utilize a hidden communication
channel to receive commands from their operator and communicate their current status. The
ability to execute almost arbitrary commands on the infected machines makes botnets a
general-purpose tool to perform malicious cyber-activities. Botnets provides a comprehensive
analysis of the topic and comprises both technical and non-technical sections written by
leading cybersecurity experts. The non-technical section addresses how botnet infrastructure
could be exploited for national security and cybercrime purposes. It approaches the subject as
a public policy issue and analyzes the phenomenon of botnets from national security law
enforcement and regulatory policy perspectives and makes recommendations for policy-makers on
different public policies highlighting the need for international response mechanisms. The
technical section provides insight into current botnet techniques and discusses
state-of-the-art countermeasures to combat the botnet threat in detail. It includes new
detection methods as well as different approaches to actively compromise running botnets.
