This book presents a new meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the self-defense mechanisms of
plants in nature. Numerous published works have demonstrated the various self-defense
mechanisms (survival strategies) plants use to protect themselves against predatory organisms
such as herbivorous insects. The proposed algorithm is based on the predator-prey mathematical
model originally proposed by Lotka and Volterra consisting of two nonlinear first-order
differential equations which allow the growth of two interacting populations (prey and
predator) to be modeled. The proposed meta-heuristic is able to produce excellent results in
several sets of benchmark optimization problems. Further fuzzy logic is used for dynamic
parameter adaptation in the algorithm.
