The dramatic worldwide increase in agricultural and industrial productivity has created severe
environmental problems. Soil and groundwater reservoirs have been polluted with pesticides
xenobiotics and agro-chemicals. The global consensus to reduce inputs of chemical pesticides
and agrochemical fertilizers which are perceived at being hazardous by some consumers has
provided opportunities for the development of novel benign sustainable crop management
strategies. The future of agricultural depends upon our ability to enhance the productivity
without damage to their long-term production potential. One of the strategies is the
application of effective microbial products beneficial for both farmers and ecosystems. This
kind of approach can ensure both ecological and economic sustainability. Soil microbial
populations are immersed in framework of interactions which are known to affect plant fitness
and soil quality. For betterment of life of human being improved quality and variety of
products are formed due to versatile action of different group of microorganisms Microbes are
able to degrade solid waste material into compost which is a mixture of decayed organic matter
manure etc. Incomplete microbial degradation of organic waste where the microbial process
varies aerobic to anaerobic form is stated as compost if added to soil improves plant growth
and development. The biological activities and microbial metabolism in the soil contribute to
alter its mixture and fertility. Incorporation of organic remain in the form of compost is
known to influence favourably the physio-chemical and biological properties of soil. The
beneficial activities bestowed upon plants by compost utilization are multifaceted hence most
promising alternatives for achieving sustainable agricultural production. An increased
awareness on compost has led to their use in agricultural concern. Contents in the present book
will comprised various chapters on the role of beneficial bacteria in the composting process.
The application is depicted to achieve the attainable productivity besides in disease
management and suppressiveness of organisms of phytopathogenic in nature. Significance of the
compost elicits certain responses e.g. soil reclamation soil fertility soil health and
disease management exhibit due to quality compost amendment in soil. It serves as low cost
prospective option for sustainable crop production and protection.
