This book presents the latest developments in noncontact atomic force microscopy. It deals with
the following outstanding functions and applications that have been obtained with atomic
resolution after the publication of volume 2: (1) Pauli repulsive force imaging of molecular
structure (2) Applications of force spectroscopy and force mapping with atomic resolution (3)
Applications of tuning forks (4) Applications of atomic molecular manipulation (5)
Applications of magnetic exchange force microscopy (6) Applications of atomic and molecular
imaging in liquids (7) Applications of combined AFM STM with atomic resolution and (8) New
technologies in dynamic force microscopy. These results and technologies are now expanding the
capacity of the NC-AFM with imaging functions on an atomic scale toward making them
characterization and manipulation tools of individual atoms molecules and nanostructures with
outstanding capability at the level of molecular atomic and subatomic resolution. Since the
publication of vol. 2 of the book Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy in 2009 the noncontact
atomic force microscope which can image even insulators with atomic resolution has achieved
remarkable progress. The NC-AFM is now becoming crucial for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
