This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the
History of Nordic Computing HiNC 4 held in Copenhagen Denmark in August 2014. The 37
revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The
papers focus on innovative ICT milestones that transformed the nordic societies and on the new
ideas systems and solutions that helped creating the welfare societies of today in particular
solutions and systems for public services e.g. tax social benefits health care and
education solutions and systems for the infrastructure of the society e.g. banking
insurance telephones transport and energy supply and technologies and IT policies behind the
major IT milestones e.g. user centric innovation programming techniques and IT ethics. They
are organized in topical sections on IT policy infrastructure public services private
services telesystems health care IT in banking transport and IT technology.
