This work explores the scope and flexibility afforded by integrated quantum photonics both in
terms of practical problem-solving and for the pursuit of fundamental science. The author
demonstrates and fully characterizes a two-qubit quantum photonic chip capable of arbitrary
two-qubit state preparation. Making use of the unprecedented degree of reconfigurability
afforded by this device a novel variation on Wheeler's delayed choice experiment is
implemented and a new technique to obtain nonlocal statistics without a shared reference frame
is tested. Also presented is a new algorithm for quantum chemistry simulating the helium
hydride ion. Finally multiphoton quantum interference in a large Hilbert space is demonstrated
and its implications for computational complexity are examined.
