This book analyzes the main problems in the real-time control of parallel hybrid electric
powertrains in non-road applications that work in continuous high dynamic operation. It also
provides practical insights into maximizing the energy efficiency and drivability of such
powertrains. It introduces an energy-management control structure which considers all the
physical powertrain constraints and uses novel methodologies to predict the future load
requirements to optimize the controller output in terms of the entire work cycle of a non-road
vehicle. The load prediction includes a methodology for short-term loads as well as cycle
detection methodology for an entire load cycle. In this way the energy efficiency can be
maximized and fuel consumption and exhaust emissions simultaneously reduced. Readers gain deep
insights into the topics that need to be considered in designing an energy and battery
management system for non-road vehicles. It also becomes clear that only a combination of
management systems can significantly increase the performance of a controller.
