This expanded second edition of the 2014 textbook features dedicated sections on action and
observation so that the reader can combine the use of the developed theoretical basis with
practical guidelines for deployment. It also includes a focus on selection and use of a
dedicated modeling paradigm - fuzzy cognitive mapping - to facilitate use of the proposed
multi-methodology. The end goal of the text is a holistic interdisciplinary approach to
structuring and assessing complex problems including a dedicated discussion of thinking
acting and observing complex problems. The multi-methodology developed is scientifically
grounded in systems theory and its accompanying principles while the process emphasizes the
nonlinear nature of all complex problem-solving endeavors. The authors' clear and consistent
chapter structure facilitates the book's use in the classroom.
