This book presents a detailed analysis of Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement
(HOPE) program. Developed by Judge Steven Alm in Hawaii in 2004 this model of 'swift certain
and fair' justice has been widely adopted across the United States. The book argues that
although HOPE has principally been viewed in terms of its deterrent impact it is in fact best
understood through the lens of therapeutic jurisprudence and solution-focused courts
especially drug courts. Bartels presents a detailed overview of HOPE's operation as well as a
critical assessment of the evaluation findings of HOPE and other programs based on this model.
Crucially the book draws on observational research to demonstrate that much of the commentary
on HOPE has been based on misunderstandings about the program and Bartels ultimately provides
much-needed in-depth analysis of critiques of the HOPE model. A rigorous study which concludes
by identifying key issues for jurisdictions considering implementing the model and areas for
future research this book will be of special interest to scholars of criminal justice
recidivism and drug-related issues.
