This book presents an overview of the most recent advances in nonlinear science. It provides a
unified view of nonlinear properties in many different systems and highlights many new
developments. While volume 1 concentrates on mathematical theory and computational techniques
and challenges which are essential for the study of nonlinear science this second volume
deals with nonlinear excitations in several fields. These excitations can be localized and
transport energy and matter in the form of breathers solitons kinks or quodons with very
different characteristics which are discussed in the book. They can also transport electric
charge in which case they are known as polarobreathers or solectrons. Nonlinear excitations
can influence function and structure in biology as for example protein folding. In crystals
and other condensed matter they can modify transport properties reaction kinetics and
interact with defects. There are also engineering applications in electric lattices Josephson
junction arrays waveguide arrays photonic crystals and optical fibers. Nonlinear excitations
are inherent to Bose-Einstein Condensates constituting an excellent benchmark for testing
their properties and providing a pathway for future discoveries in fundamental physics.
