This book provides an overview of state-of-the-art implementations of quantum random number
generators (QRNGs) and especially examines their relation to classical statistical randomness
models and numerical techniques for computing random numbers. The reader - who ideally has a
background in classical statistics computer science or cryptography - is introduced to the
world of quantum bits step by step and explicit relations between QRNGs and their classical
counterparts are identified along the way. Random number generation is a major pillar of
cryptography. Capitalizing on the randomness inherent in quantum phenomena is a rapidly
evolving branch of quantum cryptography with countless applications for the future. The value
of quantum randomness for cryptographic purposes is empirically demonstrated in statistical
evaluations of QRNGs' performance compared to classical techniques for true and pseudorandom
number generation. The book then provides an overview of technical implementations of QRNGs
before a concluding discussion of major achievements and remaining obstacles in the field
rounds out the coverage while also opening the door for future research directions.
