This book describes the application of a novel technology for beam instrumentation and
luminosity measurement and first results on a cutting edge technology potentially to be used
after the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider to higher luminosity.It presents a unique
diamond-based luminometer with a detailed performance study.The online bunch-by-bunch
luminosity measurements provide an invaluable feedback to the Collider for beam optimisation
and for the understanding of beam dynamics.The precision of the luminosity measurement is
crucial for all physics analyses. This book highlights the Van der Meer method which is used
for the calibration of the luminometers of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment and
describes the estimate of systematic uncertainties e.g. due to radiation damage of sensors and
electronics and uncertainties of beam parameters.For the future high-luminosity upgrade of the
collider sapphire sensors are investigated in a test beam. It is demonstrated for the first
time that sapphire sensors can be used as single particle detectors. A model for the charge
transport in sapphire is developed and successfully applied.
