Here we report on a 25-year long-term sequence of measures to return a deteriorated
recreational urban lake Alte Donau in Vienna to acceptable water quality. Metropolitan waters
require focused ecosystem management plans and intensive in-lake efforts. We explored
physico-chemical conditions food web from viruses to fish and water birds the sediments the
littoral zone and the catchment management and urban planning and global warming. Several
restoration techniques were tested and critically evaluated. The final management plan was
based on bi-stable theory. During the recovery phase numerous surplus adjustments had to be
implemented to secure sustainable achievement.
