Traditional cell culture methods primarily utilizing flat two-dimensional (2D) plastic dishes
have long been the cornerstone of biological research. However these models often fail to
accurately reflect the complexities of natural cellular environments. This limitation hinders
our ability to fully understand fundamental cellular processes including DNA repair. DNA the
blueprint of life is constantly under attack from various sources such as ultraviolet
radiation free radicals and mutagenic chemicals. Cells possess intricate DNA repair
mechanisms to counteract this damage and maintain genomic integrity. However studying these
mechanisms in a dish often falls short due to the lack of three-dimensional (3D) architecture
cell-cell interactions and physiological cues present in living tissues.Limitations of 2D Cell
Culture Models2D cultures offer a simplified and controlled environment for studying cells.
However this very simplicity becomes a drawback when investigating DNA repair. Here's
why:-Lack of 3D architecture: Cells in their natural state reside in a 3D extracellular matrix
(ECM) that provides structural support biochemical cues and influences cell behavior. Flat
plastic dishes lack this crucial element leading to altered cell morphology gene expression
and ultimately DNA repair efficiency.
