In this study Johannes Knecht argues that the Carolingian responses to the Christology of
Felix of Urgel and Elipandus of Toledo should be taken seriously. Reacting to some modern
proposals Knecht suggests that in the work of Paulinus II of Aquileia Benedict of Aniane and
Agobard of Lyon one encounters a thoroughgoing and in-depth engagement with the Christology of
Felix and Elipandus. Especially when considered from the wider Hispanic and Frankish
theological milieu the ultimate conclusion that Felicianism represents a form of either
Arianism or Nestorianism is warranted. Regarding the Carolingians' own Christologies Knecht
suggests that a Neo-Chalcedonian reading of Chalcedon inspired their Christological programme
and that attempts are made to unite 'Cyrillian' descriptions and understandings of Christ with
the sensibilities of those in the West-a particularly strong loyalty to thinkers like Augustine
Hilary and Fulgentius. It highlights and discusses the idiosyncracies of each thinker in their
own right and shows how their particular methods are employed to counter the Felician notion
that Christ secundum humanitatem should be considered as an adoptivus Filius Dei.
