Christoph Schröder does one of the first attempts to analyze format transfers within the scope
of different strategies format elements countries and success with focus on the fashion
industry. Three distinct format transfer strategies are identified. The empirically observed
design of format elements supports and extends the existing research. Fashion firms standardize
their ¿Retail culture¿ which acts as a foundation for a successful format transfer strategy
(core elements). New insights are provided with regard to format transfer into foreign
countries as well as over a timeframe of five years. International retailers face specific
challenges with regard to the decision on their retail format abroad which is known as an
important success driver. They may transfer their format elements unchanged or may adapt those
elements. One successful strategy is known to be an unchanged format replication which is
linked to the fashion industry.
