This open access book covers aspects of unsupervised machine learning used for knowledge
discovery in data science and introduces a data-driven approach to cluster analysis the
Databionic swarm (DBS). DBS consists of the 3D landscape visualization and clustering of data.
The 3D landscape enables 3D printing of high-dimensional data structures. The clustering and
number of clusters or an absence of cluster structure are verified by the 3D landscape at a
glance. DBS is the first swarm-based technique that shows emergent properties while exploiting
concepts of swarm intelligence self-organization and the Nash equilibrium concept from game
theory. It results in the elimination of a global objective function and the setting of
parameters. By downloading the R package DBS can be applied to data drawn from diverse research
fields and used even by non-professionals in the field of data mining.
