This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th and 21st International Conference on
Formal Grammar 2015 and 2016 collocated with the European Summer School in Logic Language and
Information in August 2015 2016. The 19 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited
talks were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 34 submissions. The focus of papers
are as follows: Formal and computational phonology morphology syntax semantics and
pragmatics Model-theoretic and proof-theoretic methods in linguistics Logical aspects of
linguistic structure Constraint-based and resource-sensitive approaches to grammar Learnability
of formal grammar Integration of stochastic and symbolic models of grammar Foundational
methodological and architectural issues in grammar and linguistics Mathematical foundations of
statistical approaches to linguistic analysis
