The 2025 volume of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research focuses on the role of population
inequality in demographic research particularly on the interplay between population diversity
and social inequality. Besides classical markers of heterogeneity in individual behavior such
as gender age education family status migration background urban-rural residence and
socio-economic status other sources of inequality are covered in the volume. They include
marginalized populations such as homeless people generational and spatial factors as well as
emerging trends such as digitalization. Understanding population inequality is key for
modeling population developments and projecting them into the future. Equally important is to
understand how and why different types of inequality arise and evolve and what policy
challenges they impose for socio-economic development welfare systems and social cohesion.
