When SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael first called for Black Power on a Civil Rights march in
1966 he not only gave name to a movement that shaped one of the most significant periods of the
African American freedom struggle in the USA. His background as son of migrants from Trinidad
and Tobago and his argument that the struggle for black liberation in the United States was
part of a global movement against white supremacy also point to the international dimensions of
Black Power. With a special focus on the Americas this volume deals with the embeddedness of
Black Power in a long history of resistance and its relationship with international freedom
struggles beyond the boundaries of the African American community in the United States. As the
articles brought together here show Black Power was deeply rooted in practices of black
transnationalism and heralded a new era of African American defiance militancy and cultural
awareness which left its footprints throughout the Hemisphere providing marginalized
communities beyond national and cultural boundaries with meaningful symbols of resistance and
self-affirmation in the face of racial oppression. Black Power's hemispheric impact encouraged
the emergence of antiracist movements musical genres and border-crossing networks of
solidarity among Afrodescendants in the Caribbean Latin and North America and continues to be
a source of inspiration for the political and cultural expressions of the Black Americas in the
21st century. This transdisciplinary compilation of essays by scholars and activists intends to
fill an important gap by addressing Black Power within a historical polyvocal and
multi-locational approach shedding light on the entangled manifestations of Black Power in
Brazil Canada Colombia Cuba Jamaica Panama Puerto Rico and the United States. CONTENTS
WILFRIED RAUSSERT AND MATTI STEINITZIntroduction: Black Power in Hemispheric Perspective1 AFUA
COOPERThe Roots of Canadian Black Power: Thomas Peters and the Struggle for Black Freedom in
the Eighteenth Century33 WILFRIED RAUSSERTBefore 'Black Power' there was Black Power: Garveyism
and Public Performance Culture in the American Hemisphere59 JOHN MUNROBlack Reconstruction and
Black Power: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Radical Roots of 196871 MATTI STEINITZHemispheric
Ambassador of Black Power: Carlos E. Russell and the Practice of Pan-Afro-Americanism between
New York and Panama87 PORTIA OWUSUThe Goose and the Gander: Frantz Fanon and the Rhetoric of
Violence in the Black Power Movement113 JEFFREY O.G. OGBARRevolutionary Alliances: Black Power
Brown Power and Radical Ethnic Nationalism (1966-1973)125 VALERIA L. CARBONEThe United States
American Black Radicalism and the Anti-Imperialist Struggle in Latin America: A Study of
Stokely Carmichael's 1967 Visit to Cuba141 GEORGE REID ANDREWSBlack Movements in Latin America
1970-2000157 ALBERTO ABREU ARCIABlack Power Cubano- African American and Afro-Cuban Movements
between Solidarity Repression and Contradictions173 ÁNGEL PEREA ESCOBARThe Act and the
Shadow: Social Artistic and Cultural Influences of the Black Power Era in Colombia193 CARLA
GUERRÓN MONTEROThe Quilombo Movement in Brazil: Becoming Invisible Becoming Visible Becoming
Multivocal205 KENSEDEOBONG BLESSED OKOSUNSoul Music and Sisterhood as Expressions of Black
Power223 CARLOS ALBERTO MEDEIROSBlack Rio: Music Politics and Black Identity239 ÁNGEL G.
QUINTERO-RIVERAAfro-Knowled
