This brief highlights nanoparticles used in the diagnosis and treatment of prominent diseases
and toxic conditions. Ecofriendly methods which are ideal for the synthesis of medicinally
valued nanoparticles are explained and the characteristic features of these particles
projected. The role of these particles in the therapeutic field and the induced biological
changes in some diseases are discussed. The main focus is on inflammation oxidative stress and
cellular membrane integrity alterations. The effect of nanoparticles on these changes produced
by various agents are highlighted using in vitro and in vivo models. The mechanism of
nanoparticles in ameliorating the biological changes is supported by relevant images and data.
Finally the brief demonstrates recent developments on the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis or
sensing of some biological materials and biologically hazardous environmental materials.
