This book examines the development of Chinese translation practice in relation to the rise of
ideas of modern selfhood in China from the 1890s to the 1920s. The key translations produced by
late Qing and early Republican Chinese intellectuals over the three decades in question reflect
a preoccupation with new personality ideals informed by foreign models and the healthy
development of modern individuality in the face of crises compounded by feelings of cultural
inadequacy. The book clarifies how these translated works supplied the meanings for new terms
and concepts that signify modern human experience and sheds light on the ways in which they
taught readers to internalize the idea of the modern as personal experience. Through their
selection of source texts and their adoption of different translation strategies the
translators chosen as case studies championed a progressive view of the world: one that was
open-minded and humanistic. The late Qing construction of modern Chinese identity instigated
under the imperative of national salvation in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War
wielded a far-reaching influence on the New Culture discourse. This book argues that the New
Culture translations being largely explorations of modern self-consciousness helped to
produce an egalitarian cosmopolitan view of modern being. This was a view favoured by the
majority of mainland intellectuals in the post-Maoist 1980s and which has since become an
important topic in mainland scholarship.
