This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book describes the history structure
and institutions of open and distance education in six countries: China India Russia Turkey
South Africa and South Korea. It describes how open and distance education is evolving in a
digital age to reflect the needs and circumstances of the national higher education systems in
these countries. It also explores the similarities and differences between how their open and
distance higher education systems are managed and structured. This book is the second in a
series following Open and Distance Education in Australia Europe and the Americas (Springer
2018). Both books compare and draw conclusions about the nature of open and distance education
in the context of various national higher education systems. In a digital era characterized by
the growing use of online open and distance education this book will prove particularly
valuable for policy-makers and senior administrators who want to learn about establishing or
expanding open and distance education services. In addition it offers a valuable reference
guide for researchers academics and students interested in understanding the different
approaches to open and distance education.
