Refinement is one of the cornerstones of the formal approach to software engineering and its
use in various domains has led to research on new applications and generalisation. This book
brings together this important research in one volume with the addition of examples drawn from
different application areas. It covers four main themes: - Data refinement and its application
to Z - Generalisations of refinement that change the interface and atomicity of operations -
Refinement in Object-Z - Modelling state and behaviour by combining Object-Z with CSP
Refinement in Z and Object-Z: Foundations and Advanced Applications provides an invaluable
overview of recent research for academic and industrial researchers lecturers teaching formal
specification and development industrial practitioners using formal methods in their work and
postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students. This second edition is a comprehensive update
to the first and includes the following new material: - Early chapters have been extended to
also include trace refinement based directly on partial relations rather than through
totalisation - Provides an updated discussion on divergence non-atomic refinements and
approximate refinement - Includes a discussion of the differing semantics of operations and
outputs and how they affect the abstraction of models written using Object-Z and CSP - Presents
a fuller account of the relationship between relational refinement and various models of
refinement in CSP - Bibliographic notes at the end of each chapter have been extended with the
most up to date citations and research
