EAN: 9783030020491

THE ORIGIN OF A NEW PROGENITOR STEM CELL GROUP ...

This book presents an overview of a new group of progenitor stem cells. Their origins were
originally detected in light- and electron microscopical sections of plastic embedded human
embryonal and fetal organs. The distribution of these cells can result in a large quantity of
ectopic stem cells. The observation of these ectopic stem cells leads us to postulate the
existence of a basic wave of stem cell progenitors. This process proceeds earlier and
independently from germ cell migration. This first wave of progenitor stem cell migration
initially reaches the peri-aortal AMG-region (Aortal-Mesonephric-Gonadal region). From here 
some of these progenitor cells enter the aorta  are distributed through the vascular system and
become the embryonal stem cells (reserve cells) in many peripheral tissues. A second part
delivers progenitor cells for the adrenal 'anlage'. Within the peripheral Zona definitiva of
the adrenal cortex the progenitor cells multiplicate and subsequently leave the adrenal cortex
through a gate of the capsule. The progenitor cells arrive at the pre-aortal sympathic plexus
('second brain'). Within the plexus ganglia they form new organ-like clusters  the paraganglia.
In a second process the progenitor cells (Chromaffine cells) enter sympathetic nerve bundles.
Here an 'axonal migration' starts  which guides the progenitor cells to several peripheral
organs. During this migration process the stem cells develop into their final state. In the
adrenal cortex the ingrowing nerves guide the stem cells to the adrenal medulla. In the
pancreas the ingrowing nerve fibers guide the stem cells to the islets. These newly detected
stem cells represent a specific developmental step which is found only in humans.

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