There are five different types of eye movements: saccades smooth pursuit vestibular ocular
eye movements optokinetic eye movements and vergence eye movements. The purpose of this book
series is focused primarily on mathematical models of the horizontal saccadic eye movement
system and the smooth pursuit system rather than on how visual information is processed. A
saccade is a fast eye movement used to acquire a target by placing the image of the target on
the fovea. Smooth pursuit is a slow eye movement used to track a target as it moves by keeping
the target on the fovea. The vestibular ocular movement is used to keep the eyes on a target
during brief head movements. The optokinetic eye movement is a combination of saccadic and slow
eye movements that keeps a full-field image stable on the retina during sustained head
rotation. Each of these movements is a conjugate eye movement that is movements of both eyes
together driven by a common neural source. A vergence movement is a non-conjugate eye movement
allowing the eyes to track targets as they come closer or farther away. In Part 1 early models
of saccades and smooth pursuit are presented. A number of oculomotor plant models are described
therein beginning with the Westheimer model published in 1954 and up through our 1995 model
involving a 4th-order oculomotor plant model. In Part 2 a 2009 version of a state-of-the-art
model is presented for horizontal saccades that is 3rd-order and linear and controlled by a
physiologically based time-optimal neural network. In this book a multiscale model of the
saccade system is presented focusing on the neural network. Chapter 1 summarizes a whole
muscle model of the oculomotor plant based on the 2009 3rd-order and linear and controlled by
a physiologically based time-optimal neural network. Chapter 2 presents a neural network model
of biophysical neurons in the midbrain for controlling oculomotor muscles during horizontal
human saccades. To investigate horizontal saccade dynamics a neural circuitry including
omnipause neuron premotor excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons long lead burst neuron
tonic neuron interneuron abducens nucleus and oculomotor nucleus is developed. A generic
neuron model serves as the basis to match the characteristics of each type of neuron in the
neural network. We wish to express our thanks to William Pruehsner for drawing many of the
illustrations in this book. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments 2009 Linear Homeomorphic
Saccadic Eye Movement Model A Neuron-Based Time-Optimal Controller of Horizontal Saccadic Eye
Movements and Glissades References Authors' Biographies
