EAN: 9783031006111

SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE R...

Shrinking feature size and diminishing supply voltage are making circuits sensitive to supply
voltage fluctuations within the microprocessor  caused by normal workload activity changes. If
left unattended  voltage fluctuations can lead to timing violations or even transistor lifetime
issues that degrade processor robustness. Mechanisms that learn to tolerate  avoid  and
eliminate voltage fluctuations based on program and microarchitectural events can help steer
the processor clear of danger  thus enabling tighter voltage margins that improve performance
or lower power consumption. We describe the problem of voltage variation and the factors that
influence this variation during processor design and operation. We also describe a variety of
runtime hardware and software mitigation techniques that either tolerate  avoid  and or
eliminate voltage violations. We hope processor architects will find the information useful
since tolerance  avoidance  and elimination are generalizable constructs that can serve as a
basis for addressing other reliability challenges as well. Table of Contents: Introduction  
Modeling Voltage Variation   Understanding the Characteristics of Voltage Variation  
Traditional Solutions and Emerging Solution Forecast   Allowing and Tolerating Voltage
Emergencies   Predicting and Avoiding Voltage Emergencies   Eliminiating Recurring Voltage
Emergencies   Future Directions on Resiliency

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