Early in the 20th century our world was small and closed with boundaries. And there were no
appreciable changes. Therefore we could foresee the future. These days however we could
apply mathematical rationality and solve problems without any difficulty. As our world began to
expand rapidly and boundaries disappeared the problem of bounded rationality emerged.
Engineeres put forth tremendous effort to overcome this difficulty and succeeded in expanding
the bounds of mathematical rationality thereby establishing the Controllable World. However
our world continues to expand. Therefore such an approach can no longer be applied. We have no
other choice than satisficing (Herbert A. Simon's word Satisfy + Suffice). This expanding open
world brought us frequent and extensive changes which are unpredictable and diversification and
personalization of customer expectations. To cope with these situations we need diverse
knowledge and experience. Thus to satisfy our customers we need teamwork. These changes of
environments and situations transformed the meaning of value. It used to mean excellent
functions and exact reproducibility. Now it means how good and flexible we can be to adapt to
the situations. Thus adaptability is the value today. Although these changes were big and we
needed to re-define value a greater shift in engineering is now emerging. The Internet of
Things (IoT) brought us the Connected Society where things are connected. Things include not
only products but also humans. As changes are so frequent and extensive only users know what
is happening right now. Thus the user in this Connected Society needs to be a playing
manager-he or she should manage to control the product-human team on the pitch. Moreover this
Connected Society will bring us another big shift in engineering. Engineering in this framework
will become Social Networking with engineering no longer developing individual products and
managing team products. The Internet works two ways between the sender and the receiver. Our
engineering has ever been only one way. Thus how we establish a social networking framework
for engineering is a big challenge facing us today. This will change our engineering. Engineers
are expected to develop not only products but also such dream society. This book discusses
these issues and points out that New Horizons are emerging before us. It is hoped that this
book helps readers explore and establish their own New Worlds.
