The leaf is an organ optimized for capturing sunlight and safely using that energy through the
process of photosynthesis to drive the productivity of the plant and through the position of
plants as primary producers that of Earth's biosphere. It is an exquisite organ composed of
multiple tissues each with unique functions working synergistically to: (1) deliver water
nutrients signals and sometimes energy-rich carbon compounds throughout the leaf (xylem) (2)
deliver energy-rich carbon molecules and signals within the leaf during its development and
then from the leaf to the plant once the leaf has matured (phloem) (3) regulate exchange of
gasses between the leaf and the atmosphere (epidermis and stomata) (4) modulate the radiation
that penetrates into the leaf tissues (trichomes the cuticle and its underlying epidermis)
(5) harvest the energy of visible sunlight to transform water and carbon dioxide into
energy-rich sugars or sugar alcohols for export to the rest of the plant (palisade and spongy
mesophyll) and (6) store sugars and or starch during the day to feed the plant during the
night and or acids during the night to support light-driven photosynthesis during the day
(palisade and spongy mesophyll). Various regulatory controls that have been shaped through the
evolutionary history of each plant species result in an incredible diversity of leaf form
across the plant kingdom. Genetic programming is also flexible in allowing acclimatory
phenotypic adjustments that optimize leaf functioning in response to a particular set of
environmental conditions and biotic influences experienced by the plant. Moreover leaves and
the primary processes carried out by the leaf respond to changes in their environment and the
status of the plant through multiple regulatory networks over time scales ranging from seconds
to seasons. This book brings together the findings from laboratories at the forefront of
research into various aspects of leaf function with particular emphasis on the relationship to
photosynthesis.
