The main rationale of the conventions on international transport law is to limit the liability
of the carrier. However an aspect common to these conventions is that in cases of wilful
misconduct the carrier is liable without any financial limitation. Wilful misconduct denoting a
high degree of fault is an established term in English law. The Convention for the Unification
of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air (Warsaw Convention) of 1929 was the
first international convention on transport law where the term was employed. A definition of
wilful misconduct which can be found in later conventions regarding carriage of goods and
passengers as well was implemented in the Hague Protocol of 1955 amending the Warsaw
Convention. However the question as to exactly which degree of fault constitutes wilful
misconduct has to date remained controversial and unanswered. This work seeks to answer this
question. To this end the historical background of the term together with its function and
role in marine insurance law case law and international transport law are examined from a
comparative perspective.
