EAN: 9783954890651

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE AND THE CHALLENG...

In response to climate change  and unsustainable energy consumption  the European Parliament
launched a climate and energy package in 2009. This included the 20:20:20 Energy Strategy whose
aim was to decrease the effects of climate change  in particular by lowering greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions by 2020. This 10-year action plan proposes measures to increase the current
efficiency levels of energy use  and raises the share of renewable energies within the energy
mix for all 27 EU Member States. As a result  the increased use of biofuels  particularly in
the transport sector  will be an important part of a more complex framework. Although  biofuels
represent only two per cent of total transport fuels used  political incentives  technology 
and efficiency improvements could increase this by eight per cent in Europe by 2020. In line
with the 20:20:20 Strategy  the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) was introduced to regulate the
overall biofuel market  amongst others. Based on the RED s definition of sustainability 
different certification schemes emerged  aimed at creating a uniform biofuel standard within
Europe. At present  the overall scale and scope of environmental and social impacts associated
with the biofuel supply chain are not well defined  and this will be evaluated within this
work. Furthermore  close ties between the biofuel supply chain  and other sectors  including
food and crude oil industries lead to associations with issues such as deforestation  pollution
and food supply shortages. Thus  this book will analyse whether RED actually supports such a
low-carbon pathway or it mainly supports the local industry.

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