This book presents a thorough review of the state-of-knowledge and recent innovations in the
synthesis of pure and improved grades of fly ash zeolites (FAZ). Addressing improvements to
conventional methods it also showcases a novel technique for the synthesis of high cation
exchangers from fly ash and detailed characterization techniques for the products obtained. In
addition it examines in detail various areas of specific applications of fly ash zeolites.
Over the years several methods such as hydrothermal fusion prior to hydrothermal microwave
assisted hydrothermal and molten salt techniques for producing FAZ have been developed. However
one-step and two-step reactions between the fly ash and alkali usually generate alkaline wastes
that may cause environmental contamination. In addition the separation of FAZ from the
partially activated fly ash (the impurities) remains a major concern for researchers and
industrialists alike. In view of these challenges this book presents a novel technique for
three-step activation (TSA) which focuses on recycling the fly ash-NaOH-water reaction
by-products until zeolitic residue is formed. The FAZ (the final residue after third step
reactions) synthesized in this manner exhibits exceptionally high cation exchange capacity
specific surface area and pore area. This book offers a comprehensive compendium of reading
material on fly ash and its recycled product the zeolites. Students at both undergraduate and
graduate levels researchers and practicing engineers will all find this book to be a valuable
guide in their respective fields.
