This book provides basic information about the relatively new and evolving technology -positron
emission tomography- for its clinical applications and practical guidance for the referring
physicians. Chapters cover application of PET in various clinical settings including oncology
cardiology and neurology with a focus on role in various cancers. Because most of the new PET
equipments come as hybrid machines with CT or MRI two chapters have been included at the end
of the book to provide basic and comprehensive information about these two
technologies.Molecular imaging is going to revolutionize the way we practice medicine in the
future. It will lead to more accurate diagnosis of diseases and its extent which will lead to
better management and better outcomes. In the history of medicine no imaging modality has ever
become so popular for use in such a short time as has the PET technology. PET imaging is mostly
used in oncology neurology and cardiology but also finds application in other situations such
as infection imaging. The main focus of course is in management of cancer patients. PET
(PET-CT) is not only very sensitive as it can detect changes in abnormal biochemical processes
at cellular level but in one go all such areas can be detected in a whole body scan. It can
show response to therapy eradication of the disease or recurrence during the follow-up period.
One of the main differences between a PET scan and other imaging tests like CT scan or MRI is
that the PET scan reveals the cellular level metabolic changes occurring in an organ or tissue.
This is important and unique because disease processes begin with functional changes at the
cellular level. A PET scan can detect these very early changes whereas a CT or MRI detect
changes much later as the disease begins to cause changes in the structure of organs or
tissues. Some cancers especially lymphoma or cancers of the head and neck brain lung colon
or prostate in very early stage may show up more clearly on a PET scan than on a CT scan or an
MRI. A PET scan can measure such vital functions as blood flow oxygen use and glucose
metabolism which can help to evaluate the effectiveness of a patient's treatment plan
allowing the course of care to be adjusted if necessary.Apart from its vital role in oncology
it can estimate brain's blood flow and metabolic activity. A PET scan can help finding nervous
system problems such as Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease multiple sclerosis
transient ischemic attack (TIA) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Huntington's disease
stroke and schizophrenia. It can find changes in the brain that may cause epilepsy. PET scan
is also increasingly being used to find poor blood flow to the heart which may mean coronary
artery disease. It can most accurately estimate the extent of damage to the heart tissue
especially after a heart attack and help choose the best treatment such as coronary artery
bypass graft surgery stenting or medical treatment. It can also contribute significantly in
identifying areas exactly where radiotherapy is to be targeted avoiding unnecessary radiation
exposure to surrounding tissue.
