EAN: 9783954891252

MENTAL TOUGHNESS AND HARDINESS AT DIFFERENT LEV...

Now with the growth of commercialisation  football is a multi-billion pound business that
competes for scarce resources and uses  amongst other things  professional management
techniques. Because of the increase and push towards efficiency  it has become of greater
interest to players  coaches  administrators  spectators and owners to identify psychological
attributes and mental skills associated with superior sport performance as a primary stage of
facilitating their development. However  there has been little research into the emotional
factors affecting footballers at different levels  in particular  the mental toughness and
hardiness of footballers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship
between mental toughness and hardiness of footballers and the level of football at which they
perform. Mental toughness was assessed using the Psychological performance inventory. Hardiness
was assessed using the Personal views survey III-R. Participants in the present study were 61
footballers from various clubs and 2 levels of performance: Playing recreational or elite
football.Results are discussed relative to previous findings relevant to mental toughness and
hardiness and future implications to aid the psychological development of footballers playing
at different levels. Future research might concentrate further on psychological skills training
coping strategies and psychological preparation strategies in a wider variation of sports
specific to a wider range of athletes  from grass roots to international level.

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