EAN: 9783847114024

STUDIEN ZU MACHT UND HERRSCHAFT BAND 009 TR...

Demanding and offering tribute is a most common feature in human societies and nothing special
to China. In the course of the development of Neolithic and later societies social classes have
developed where persons who achieved superior positions first could demand 'presents' or
tribute from neighboring societies they defeated and then  with the assistance of sturdy
'servants' from their own people. China was certainly no exception to that principle and one of
the first terms for tax was thus 'gong'  tribute. In China's early  'feudatory' social system 
tribute was demanded from lower political entities  and the mutual 'political' relations were
already highly developed during the Zhou dynasty (1045-256 BCE). This system of 'inner Chinese'
relations became a sort of matrix when China expanded and achieved contact with countries which
were more or less independent  and thus the 'tribute system' evolved. The individual case
studies in this volume focus on the latest manifestations of the tribute system in late
Imperial China.

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